In a large pot, bring 6 cups of water to a boil. If you’re using lemongrass, add the pieces to the boiling water along with the smashed garlic clove. Allow it to simmer for about 10 minutes to infuse the flavors.
Once the broth has simmered, add the ramen noodles to the pot. Cook according to package instructions, usually about 3-4 minutes, until the noodles are tender.
After the noodles are cooked, add the fresh shrimp to the pot. They will cook quickly, taking about 2-3 minutes to turn pink. Then, toss in the broccoli florets, sugar snap peas, and baby carrots. Cook for an additional 2 minutes until the vegetables are bright and tender-crisp.
Drizzle in the sesame oil and stir to combine all the flavors. Taste the broth and adjust seasoning if necessary, adding salt or pepper according to your preference.
Ladle the shrimp ramen into serving bowls. Top with fresh cilantro, green onions, bean sprouts, and sliced jalapeños for a pop of color and flavor.