Start by preheating your oven to 400°F (200°C). Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or lightly grease it to prevent sticking. Place the salmon fillets skin-side down on the baking sheet and squeeze half of the lemon over them. Season with salt and pepper to taste.
Bake the salmon in the preheated oven for about 12-15 minutes, or until cooked through and flakes easily with a fork. The skins should crisp up nicely, adding texture to your salad.
While the salmon is roasting, you can prepare the Caesar dressing. In a mixing bowl, combine the minced garlic, finely grated Parmesan cheese, mayonnaise, and minced anchovy fillets. Whisk these ingredients together until smooth and creamy. Add the juice from the remaining half of the lemon to give it a bright, zesty flavor.
In a large salad bowl, add the chopped romaine lettuce. Drizzle the prepared dressing over the greens, tossing gently to coat the leaves evenly.
Once the salmon is done, remove it from the oven and let it cool slightly. Carefully place each fillet on top of the dressed romaine.
Finish by sprinkling a little extra Parmesan cheese on top, if desired. Serve immediately and savor the delightful combination of flavors in your Salmon Caesar Salad!