Begin by bringing a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the 8 ounces of penne pasta and cook according to package instructions until al dente. This usually takes about 9-11 minutes. Once cooked, drain the pasta and set it aside, reserving about 1/2 cup of pasta water for later use.
Heat the 2 tablespoons of olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the bite-sized chicken pieces, seasoning them with salt, pepper, and the 1 teaspoon of Italian seasoning. Cook the chicken until it's golden brown and cooked through, about 5-7 minutes. Remove the chicken from the skillet and set aside.
In the same skillet, lower the heat to medium and add the minced garlic. Sauté for about 1 minute until fragrant but not browned. Toss in the broccoli florets and cook for 3-4 minutes until just tender but still vibrant green.
Pour in 1 cup of heavy cream, stirring to deglaze the pan and pick up all those flavorful bits left behind. Let the cream simmer gently for 2-3 minutes to thicken slightly. Gradually stir in the 1 cup of grated Parmesan cheese until fully melted and smooth. If the sauce seems too thick, add a splash of the reserved pasta water to loosen it up.
Return the cooked chicken to the skillet, then add the drained penne pasta. Toss everything together gently to coat the pasta and chicken evenly with the creamy garlic sauce. Cook for another 1-2 minutes to allow the flavors to meld. Taste and adjust seasoning with additional salt and pepper if needed.
Sprinkle chopped fresh parsley over the top for a burst of color and freshness. Serve hot, paired with a side of crusty bread or a light salad for a complete meal.